>>12243Gnunet and freenet are super nice but they build on top of TCP-IP. Meaning they do assign IP addresses to computers.
Technically you don't have to assign any network addresses to computers. You could base it on a system that puts the addresses on files rather than computers.
In that system you can't directly connect to another computer, the internet would be a distributed database, and you can upload a file to it and request a file from it. What currently are network switches would become memory-nodes that temporarily hold files. Servers would hold permanent files. Your home router would also be a memory-node too, and it would be connected to your Internet-service-provider and also your direct neighbors.
The upside are
denial of service attacks are not possible
Server-load depends on how many different files it has to serve, a million people requesting the same file from the server would be equivalent to 1 person requesting that file.
Network-intrusion hacking attacks would depend on tricking the victim to request a malicious file, direct hacks would not work.
Much more efficient use of bandwidth, you would get much higher bandwidth for the same cost and get your max network speed all the time.
The downsides are
Terrible lag, if you request a file that is not on a memory node close to you, your memory node escalates the search-query to nearby nodes and they pass it on to their proximate nodes and so on, creating a request ripple that slowly permeates through the network, until it finds the file. You would not be able to play twitch-reaction multiplayer games on a server that was far away from you. Files from a different continent would have 5 seconds delay.
Interactive websites would be slow to update too. The reason for the lag is that nodes have to group many individual file-requests into a single query before passing it to other nodes, because the query would be a file too.
All those nodes would only distinguish from what port they received/send files from/to and treat other nodes like a simple block-device, like when your OS mounts an usb-stick, and it has to remember which port it's plugged into. So structurally it would make it harder to snoop on the network, though not impossible, you'd still have to build stuff on top of this to make it really anonymous.
I doubt that this will ever get build unless the current internet gets really borked. The brutal simplicity and the high robustness would make it well suited for people trying to restore the internet in chaotic conditions where social coordination is low.