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File: 1623314226240-0.pdf ( 781.37 KB , 67x118 , 1911.02087.pdf )

File: 1623314226240-1.jpg ( 51.53 KB , 557x501 , 66767.jpg )

File: 1623314226240-2.jpeg ( 43.88 KB , 765x431 , 4534653757.jpeg )

 No.6029[Reply]

So is the universe flat or is it curved? I haven't had the change to read the whole paper, yet, but, from what I understand from the paper and what the lovely people at PBS explained to me is, apparently physicists at Cornell University observed a cluster galaxies under extreme gravitation forces causing gravitational lensing. Now this is nothing spectacular as far as what observation about the universe has lead us to, but, what is interesting is that when the amplitude of light passing over these distortions in gravity are examined more closely, apparently, they fall way out of line with currently, standard, models involving the geometry of the universe which uses triangulation of areas in the Microwave Background Image and Early Super Nova in the Early universe to summize that the universe is flat. This totally flies in the face of our current understanding of the universe and could have damning implications for modern Cosmology; The universe wont expand for ever? What is driving expansion then? Our models for Dark Energy break down. I am literally freaking the fuck out over this right now. HELP ME EDU!
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 No.6030

>>6029
Chance*** Fuck.


File: 1621932533736.png ( 14.23 KB , 825x202 , sands.png )

 No.5824[Reply]

I'm looking for editions of this journal (current, past). I've checked libgen, sci-hub, MAM, and IRC to no avail. I'm looking for the current edition in particular (https://www.scienceandsociety.com/current.pdf) but anything helps, really.
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 No.5825

Is this an academic journal?
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 No.5836

>>5825
>Is this an academic journal?
as opposed to…?

>Appearing quarterly since 1936, Science & Society is the longest continuously published journal of Marxist scholarship, in any language, in the world.


>Science & Society is a peer-reviewed interdisciplinary journal of Marxist scholarship. It publishes original studies in political economy and the economic analysis of contemporary societies; social and political theory; philosophy and methodology of the natural and social sciences; history, labor, ethnic and women's studies; aesthetics, literature and the arts. We especially welcome theoretical and applied research that both breaks new ground in a specific discipline, and is intelligible and useful to non-specialists.


>Science & Society does not adhere to any particular school of contemporary Marxist discussion, and does not attempt to define precise boundaries for Marxism. It does encourage respectful attention to the entire Marxist tradition, as well as to cutting-edge tools and concepts from the present-day social science literatures.


https://www.scienceandsociety.com/

What is with zoomers today who can't even click on a link or do a web search? Does literally everything have to be spoon-fed to you in the form of a 2 minute youtube video?
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 No.5953

>>5824
They followed me back on twitter which is surprising.
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 No.6011

bump, because I want it too.


File: 1622535183649.jpg ( 281.53 KB , 1024x686 , sh.jpg )

 No.5927[Reply]

The other day in the China thread, I read an argument about supporting China over Vietnam despite the latter's arguably more "socialist" economy. The reason for support of China over Vietnam would be the fact that the former is most poised in breaking with the established American world order, while the latter is more inclined to appease American interests due to strained relations with the PRC.

All that's well and good, but these (nonetheless relevant) geopolitical considerations made me wonder how to study historical and current AES countries' political economies, their evolution, and how they stack up to, for example, western social democracies such as the Nordic countries in their heyday. Again, usually I'd be foaming at the mouth too seeing a comparison of Scandinavia with the late USSR, but from a purely economic standpoint it'd be nice to clear up some of the confusion.

This becomes especially interesting, once again, when bringing up modern-day China. Is it socialist? Is it just social democracy at the barrel of a gun? I feel like it's difficult nowadays to get a purely economic view of that question without involving, again, the matter of nigh obligation to critically support China due to their geopolitical position. Let's change that and drop some PDFs.
10 posts and 3 image replies omitted. Click reply to view.
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 No.6005

Ladies, ladies, ladies, not in the edu thread. We share pdfs and epubs around these parts.

>>5997
>>5999
That being said, if you're gonna bitch about the commodity form – you might even be right – stop talking out of your ass like that and start making sense.
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 No.6006

>>6004
>But in large part commodity markets were secondary
But in the Soviet Uniom they weren't? Commodity markets were limited only to consumer goods, but they were still dominant in the Soviet Union? Got it
>But hey you haven't said anything of value, just the same nonsensical bullshit which is hilarious
Neither have you buddy. A mode of Production is being determined by surplus extraction as Marx recalled later during Volume 3. Being critical of past socialist experiments is easy, but actually overcoming the hurdles is a different thing
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 No.6007

>>6005
>We share pdfs and epubs around these parts
Guy is a newfag who wants to convince every board of his supposed superior intelligence
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 No.6008

>>6007
Samefag
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 No.6009

>>6005
Commodity fetishism.


File: 1608528174046.png ( 268.29 KB , 1178x732 , 854a2e112976b7e92a52a193e6….png )

 No.2320[Reply]

Is mathematics invented, discovered or both?
34 posts and 3 image replies omitted. Click reply to view.
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 No.5939

>If you are a materialist, then math is absolutely discovered. It is insane to think that aliens would have a math system where 2+2 is not 4.

Some uyghas ain't aware if non-well ordered sets…
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 No.5954

File: 1622694781784.png ( 107.85 KB , 1706x728 , principia.png )

>362 pages to prove 1+1=2
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 No.5955

>>5954
>principia matematica
Is that the book that gives your virginity back
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 No.5979

Mathematical Platonism was refuted.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benacerraf%27s_identification_problem
Post rem structuralism is probably correct.
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 No.5980

>>5979
Can you explain to us uneducated what this means?


File: 1622711560617.png ( 516.43 KB , 540x810 , c3fa18ffe95686b52e448e86ca….png )

 No.5956[Reply]

How do you decide what to read?

I am so hyper panicked with the idea that there are so many books to read just about leftism and history and with so many perspectives

It overstimulates me and I get stunlocked

What is your procedure and methods to reading in a uniformed structure?
1 post omitted. Click reply to view.
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 No.5959

>>5958
Alright I have downloaded the pdf and will read it
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 No.5968

If I want a Book I buy it and read it over a stretch of time. Since I'm not rich I can only do this a handfull of times a year, so yeah that's how it works with me. I buy them in paperform because I want to build a small library
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 No.5974

>>5968
I hope you build a nice library anon.
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 No.5975

>>5974
Thanks Anon, appreciate it


File: 1621348899602.png ( 45.43 KB , 300x300 , chem.png )

 No.5724[Reply]

Let's have a thread about chemistry. I can't be the only amateur chemist on here. To please the mods, everything in here is purely academic. Check local laws before you embark on your projects. And before you do anything, make sure you have appropriate safety equipment. Think about the worst thing that could happen to your reaction, because chances are it will. Don't be stupid.

Resources
https://www.sciencemadness.org/ The go-to site for amateur chemists
Wiki: http://www.sciencemadness.org/smwiki/index.php/Main_Page
Forums, require email registration: https://www.sciencemadness.org/whisper/

Archive.org has plenty of old chemistry textbooks. The most useful ones for me are those meant to teach youngsters from the early 1900's.

YouTube
NurdRage, the OG channel: https://www.youtube.com/user/NurdRage
NileRed, the internet's premier piss chemist: https://www.youtube.com/user/TheRedNile
NileBlue, secondary channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1D3yD4wlPMico0dss264XA
Explosions&Fire, energetic materials: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVovvq34gd0ps5cVYNZrc7A
Extractions&Ire, secondary channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvFApMFo_AafXbHRyEJefjA
Post too long. Click here to view the full text.
3 posts omitted. Click reply to view.
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 No.5728

>>5727
high temperature electrochemistry, but that's not very exciting for regular peeps. so, the usual: R-candy, smoke bombs and thermite

I have plans to "upgrade" some NaNO3 to KNO3 via metathesis with KCl. after that I might get into HNO3 synthesis by electrolysing bog water
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 No.5729

>>5728
>mfw caught my chemistry-hobbiest friend collecting rust in a bucket
He insisted it wasn't for thermite, but come on.
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 No.5730

>>5729
>I swear, it's for catalysing a fischer-tropsch reaction
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 No.5960

File: 1622715455526-0.jpg ( 48.35 KB , 800x610 , AcOH.jpg )

File: 1622715455526-1.png ( 3.5 KB , 500x400 , SLE_Acetic_acid_Water_001.png )

I've been experimenting with ways of concentrating acetic acid. pic related is 4 ml ~66% AcOH by weight based on it being liquid at -20°C. freeze distillation worked best for this, but the yield isn't great: 4%

I tried simple distillation too, and despite AcOH and H2O not forming any azeotrope I didn't see much improvement over the 24% white vinegar I started with. it also formed copper acetate in my condenser, which I should have thought about tbh

next step is trying to drive off the water by mixing in IPA and distilling off the IPA+water mix (and resulting isopropyl acetate). molecular sieves would probably work better, but I don' have any
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 No.5961

>>5960
I forgot my freeze distillation method:

1) cool your white vinegar down enough to where it becomes a slurry and filter it until you get maybe 1/3 of the initial volume
2) put the mixture in a jar and stand it upright in a freezer
3) once the mixture has frozen, tip the jar over and let it sit in the freezer like that for a day
4) a small pool of liquid should have formed, separate from the frozen fraction. pour that off into a separate container

the concentration of the final fraction depends on the temperature in the freezer. the temperature must be above -26.7°C for this to work.


File: 1622224578849.jpg ( 685.41 KB , 800x461 , Reeve_and_Serfs.jpg )

 No.5843[Reply]

Most Marxists, for obvious reasons, are primarily concerned with the analysis of the capitalist mode of production, this causes many marxists (including myself) to have a poor or just a very basic understanding of pre-capitalist modes of production.
An in-depth understanding of these modes of production is, however, essential for reasonable historical materialist analysis.
Post videos, books, articles and so on for education on this topic.
1 post omitted. Click reply to view.
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 No.5845

Apparently the simplified serf and Lord dichotomy didn't stay the same throughout the middle ages, but developed. In the high middle ages the serf was bonded to the lord full stop but as we get to the late middle ages apparently it apparently became something of a social contract between the lord and peasant/serf, that could be negotiated.
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 No.5846

File: 1622230135204.jpg ( 24.17 KB , 332x499 , devilcommodityfetishism.jpg )

this is a great book and really explains Marxist themes lucidly.

Haven't been able to find a pdf though
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 No.5857

>>5846
https://libgen.is/book/index.php?md5=CB6553D818BE1F07A534A3A88E8B0DBA

Here is the link. Dude, just uhh, use libgen.is — at least for the anglo literature it is vast and very accomodating. I use other sources for literature in my language, but libgen should suffice for most things.

Also archive.org is great for searching things from last past century, old books et cettera.
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 No.5947

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 No.5948

I find it interesting that ancient societies ran on debt allocation, so much so that debt abolition was an actually platform politicians would campaign on.


 No.1000[Reply]

So I wrote a pdf, on the reconstructed language of old Prussian. This language is actually going through a revival, from what I could gather. Since last year I found a YouTube channel where a family from Lithuania speak this language in a daily basis, and even their daughters speak it. So I got the dictionary of the language, read some posts on their facebook page, and listened to their speech. This pdf is mostly an overview of the language, I am not a linguistic or anything like that, I am just a random guy who likes languages.

So I wanted to post it somewhere, and I decided to post it here first, I think that there are some people here that would be interested in this.

The YouTube channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqhLH_SLh3apNZjSruEXZMg

The dictionary
https://wirdeins.twanksta.org/

A site with good resources
https://bila.twanksta.org/
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 No.5848

bump, that's impressive
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 No.5916

bump!


File: 1622312309351.jpg ( 7.33 KB , 191x263 , gentile.jpg )

 No.5849[Reply]

anyone here ever read gentile ? whats his writings like, is there any merit to what he has to say as well as any relevant criticism of capitalism or socialist movements ?
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 No.5856

It's pretty underwhelming imo. If you want to understand the Ideology and movement, that was 20th century fascism then you have to read him atleast once, but there are more fascinating writers under that tent tbh


File: 1608528128519.jpg ( 232.37 KB , 999x786 , Satsuma-samurai-during-bos….jpg )

 No.1855[Reply][Last 50 Posts]

Was the Meiji restoration and "restoring power to the emperor" a good or bad thing in 18th century Japan for the peasants? It marked the upper class revolution that caused the samurai feudal system to transition into a capitalist system. (Which ultimately turned into a racist imperialist empire that tried to invade and oppress all of its neighbors in Asia in a sort of fascist system, and as Japan lost the war the people starved and suffered greatly.)

I just found this photograph btw. Samurai didn't look nearly as impressive as I thought they would, and that hairdo is "objectively ugly."

There were a lot of peasant revolutions/movements that tried to go against the samurai but they all ultimately failed so no one except historians talk about them. Unfortunately too, the people who study Japanese history appear to be mostly weebs who romanticize the samurai so much that you never get to hear about the peasents' movements.
157 posts and 41 image replies omitted. Click reply to view.
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 No.5809

File: 1621870176955.jpg ( 137.24 KB , 720x397 , ikko.jpg )

>>1948
can I get a bump on this?
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 No.5810

>>1855
Japan was a hyper feudalist society rivalling that of europe, the country was mostly subdued and revaltively peaceful so the warrior-aristocrat caste fell into irrelevancy and the petite-booj flourished which allowed it to transitition so well into capitalism but since petit-booj class intetest is conservative in the face of imperialism fascism would be its last stand in vain.
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 No.5811

I don't know how accurate the game "Ghost of Tsushima" is in portraying feudal Japan, but one thing they game highlights at the end is how the "cod of honor" of the samurai was a covert way for cementing the class rule of the Shogun. The MC gets sperged on by the Samurai throughout the game for not only being "without honor" but also for teaching the peasants to fight themselves and resist their "leaders". I can imagine this to have happened in a similiar fashion back then tbh
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 No.5828

How bourgeois, or if not then "feudal remnant", was the Meiji Restoration anyways?
Didn't much of the caste of samurai get relegated to more typical "bourgeois" positions, deprived of feudal privileges, with only a superficial exaltation of their status so as to promote the bushido militarist stuff?
Are there any good books on this era about that?
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 No.5835

>>5828
It's not solely on this era, but Pierre François Souyri did a good job at explaining the overall path to modernity of Japan. I'm not sure if his books are translated in english tho.


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